Home  ›  Fire What Happened the Art Inside the Notre Dame

Fire What Happened the Art Inside the Notre Dame

Written By ۱۴۰۱ اردیبهشت ۸, پنجشنبه Add Comment Edit

Apr 2022 fire at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, France

Notre-Matriarch de Paris fire
NotreDame20190415QuaideMontebello (cropped).jpg

Notre-Dame de Paris as seen from Quai de Montebello, with the spire aglow

Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in Paris

Notre-Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame Cathedral (Paris)

Show map of Paris

Notre-Dame Cathedral is located in France

Notre-Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame Cathedral

Notre-Dame Cathedral (France)

Show map of France

Appointment 15 April 2019; 3 years ago  (2019-04-fifteen)
Fourth dimension eighteen:xx CEST (xvi:20 UTC)
Duration xv hours[1]
Venue Notre-Dame Cathedral
Location Paris
Coordinates 48°51′11″N 2°21′00″Eastward  /  48.8530°Northward ii.3500°E  / 48.8530; ii.3500 Coordinates: 48°51′11″N 2°21′00″East  /  48.8530°N ii.3500°Eastward  / 48.8530; 2.3500
Cause Accidental
Deaths 0[two]
Non-fatal injuries 3[3] [four]
Property damage Roof and spire destroyed; windows and vaulted ceilings damaged

On 15 April 2019, just before 18:20 CEST, the Notre-Dame de Paris fire broke out beneath the roof of the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris. Past the fourth dimension the structure fire was extinguished the building's spire had complanate, most of its roof had been destroyed and its upper walls were severely damaged. Extensive harm to the interior was prevented by its stone vaulted ceiling, which largely contained the burning roof every bit it complanate. Many works of art and religious relics were moved to safety early in the emergency, but others suffered fume damage, and some of the exterior art was damaged or destroyed. The cathedral's chantry, ii pipage organs, and iii 13th-century rose windows suffered little or no damage. Three emergency workers were injured. The fire resulted in the contagion of the site and nearby areas of the metropolis with toxic dust and lead.[5]

French president Emmanuel Macron said that the cathedral would be restored by 2024,[6] and launched a fundraising entrada which brought in pledges of over €onebillion every bit of 22 Apr 2019[update]. A complete restoration could require 20 years or more than.[ citation needed ]

On 25 December 2019, the cathedral did not host Christmas Mass for the first time since 1803.[seven]

Groundwork [edit]

The Catholic cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris ("Our Lady of Paris"), part of the "Paris, Banks of the Seine" UNESCO Globe Heritage Site,[viii] was begun in the 12th century. Its walls and interior vaulted ceiling are of stone; its roof and flèche (spire) were of wood (much of it 13th-century oak),[9] [10] sheathed in lead[11] to exclude water. The spire was rebuilt several times, most recently in the 19th century.[12] [thirteen]

The cathedral'due south stonework has been severely eroded past years of weather and pollution,[14] and the spire had extensively rotted because fissures in its lead sheathing were admitting h2o.[xv] The roof timbers were dry, spongy and powdery with age.[16] In 2014, the Ministry building of Civilization estimated needed renovations at €150meg, and in 2022 the Archdiocese of Paris launched an appeal to enhance €100million over the following 5 to 10 years. At the time of the fire, the spire was undergoing restoration[14] [17] [xviii] and scaffolding was existence erected over the transept.[19] [xx]

Extensive attending had been given to the take a chance of burn at the cathedral. The Paris Burn down Brigade drilled regularly to prepare for emergencies there, including on-site exercises in 2018; a firefighter was posted to the cathedral each solar day; and fire wardens checked conditions beneath the roof iii times daily.[21]

Structural elements relevant to the burn

  • Timber in reds, stone in dejection. Left: tower, with framework and bells; centre (top to bottom, with spire shown behind): atomic number 82 roof, timber roof trusses, stone ceiling vault, nave; right: exterior walls and flight buttresses. (Annotations)

  • Underside of rib vaulting, whose thrust outward onto the walls is countered past the inward thrust of the flying buttresses. If the vaulting had collapsed, the walls could have collapsed into the nave.

  • Timber roof framing; vaulted ceiling lies beneath walkways

  • Lead roof sheathing of one of the two towers.

Burn down [edit]

Fire bankrupt out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at xviii:18.[22] At eighteen:20 the fire alarm sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral;[23] a guard was sent to investigate, only to the wrong location— the attic of the adjoining sacristy— where he found no burn. About fifteen minutes later the mistake was discovered, but by the time guards had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the burn was well advanced.[22] The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at xviii:51 after the guards had returned.[24] Firefighters arrived inside ten minutes.[25]

Police evacuated the Île de la Cité.[26] [27] [28] White smoke rising from the roof[26] turned black earlier flames appeared from the spire, then turned xanthous.[26] [29]

Firefighting [edit]

More than 400 firefighters were engaged;[30] some other hundred government workers[ clarification needed ] worked to move precious objects to prophylactic via a human chain[21] too including police and municipal workers.[31]

The burn down was primarily fought from inside the structure, which was more dangerous for personnel but reduced potential damage to the cathedral; applying water from outside risked deflecting flames and hot gases (at temperatures up to 800°C or 1500°F) in.[16] Deluge guns[30] [32] [33] were used at lower-than-usual pressures to minimise damage to the cathedral and its contents.[34] Water was supplied by pump-boat from the Seine.[21]

Aerial firefighting was not used because water dropped from heights could take caused structural damage, and heated stone can crack if suddenly cooled.[35] [36] Helicopters were not used because of dangerous updrafts[30] but drones were used for visual and thermal imaging, and robots for visual imaging and directing water streams.[21] [37] Molten atomic number 82 falling from the roof posed a special hazard for firefighters.[26]

Past 18:52, smoke was visible from exterior; flames appeared in the adjacent ten minutes, as firefighters arrived. The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, creating a draft that slammed all the doors and sent a fireball through the attic. Firefighters and so retreated from within the attic. Soon before the spire fell, the fire had spread to the wooden framework within the due north belfry, which supported eight very large bells. Had the bells fallen, it was thought that the damage done as they fell could accept collapsed the towers, and with them the unabridged cathedral. At twenty:30, firefighters abased attempts to extinguish the roof and concentrated on saving the towers, fighting from within and between the towers. By 21:45 the burn was under command.[22]

Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated due to business concern almost possible collapse,[21] but on 19 Apr the fire brigade ruled out that take chances.[38] Ane firefighter and two police force officers were injured.[iii] [4]

Damage [edit]

Animation showing the south facade before and after the fire; scaffolding had been erected as part of renovations underway when the fire started.

The surface area directly nether the crossing and ii other cells of vaulting collapsed

The roof reduced to piles of char atop the mostly intact vaults

Nearly of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about ane third of the roof remaining.[26] The remnants of the roof and spire savage atop the rock vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral'due south interior.[39] [40] Some sections of this vaulting complanate in plow,[39] allowing droppings from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below,[23] but most sections remained intact due to the utilise of rib vaulting, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects inside.[41]

The cathedral contained a big number of artworks, religious relics, and other irreplaceable treasures,[42] including a crown of thorns said to be the ane Jesus wore at his crucifixion, a purported piece of the cantankerous on which Jesus was crucified, the Tunic of St. Louis,[43] [44] a much-rebuilt pipage organ by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, and the 14th-century Virgin of Paris statue.[42]

Some artwork had been removed in preparation for the renovations, and nearly of the cathedral's sacred relics were held in the adjoining sacristy, which the fire did not accomplish; all the cathedral'southward relics survived.[38] [45] [46] Some contents were moved by a human chain of emergency workers and civil servants.[31] Many valuables that were not removed also survived, but the state of many others remained unknown as of 16 April.[9] [ needs update ]

Lead joints in some of the 19th-century stained-drinking glass windows melted,[47] but the three major rose windows, dating to the 13th century, were undamaged. One weakened window may need to exist dismantled for safekeeping.[ needs update ] [48] [49] [l] Several pews were destroyed and the vaulted arches were blackened by smoke, though the church's main cross and altar survived, forth with the statues surrounding it.[51] [52]

Some paintings, apparently only smoke-damaged,[47] are expected to be transported to the Louvre for restoration. A number of statues, including those of the twelve Apostles at the base of the spire, had been removed in grooming for renovations.[19] [44] The rooster-shaped reliquary atop the spire was constitute damaged but intact among the debris.[53] The three pipe organs were not significantly damaged.[54] [55] The largest of the cathedral's bells, the bourdon, was not damaged.[nine] The liturgical treasury of the cathedral and the "grands Mays" paintings were moved to safety.[nine]

Environmental harm [edit]

Airparif said winds apace dispersed the fume, conveying information technology abroad aloft along the Seine corridor. Information technology did not find elevated levels of particulate air pollution at monitoring stations nearby.[56] [57] The Paris police have stated that at that place was no danger from breathing the air around the fire.[58]

The burned-down roof had been covered with over 400 metric tons of pb.[v] [59] Settling grit substantially raised surface atomic number 82 levels in some places nearby,[lx] notably the cordoned-off surface area and places left open during the fire.[61] Wet cleaning for surfaces[62] and blood tests for children and meaning women were recommended in the firsthand area.[63] People working on the cathedral subsequently the fire did non initially take the lead precautions required for their own protection; materials leaving the site were decontaminated, but some wear was not, and some precautions were non correctly followed; as a result, the worksite failed some inspections and was temporarily close down.[5] [64] There was also more widespread contamination; testing, cleanup, and public health advisories were delayed for months, and the neighbourhood was not decontaminated for four months, prompting widespread criticism.[five]

Average lead levels in Paris streets are normally five times the indoor legal limit (1,000 micrograms per square metre (0.0014 gr/sq ft)) due to historic uses of pb,[65] principally from runoff from intact roofs.[66] The Health Ministry rules that children should non be exposed to more than seventy micrograms/g2 indoors. There is no legal limit for outdoor pb levels, which are oftentimes very heterogeneous; the L'Agence régionale de santé (ARS) d'Ile-de-French republic is not certain if some of the elevated levels being measured are continued to the burn.[67] This lack of clarity and threshold-linked mandatory measures may have delayed action. In mid-July, regional health officials raised their outdoor guideline from 1000 micrograms/m2 to 5000.[5] Rain can redistribute the pb grit.[68] Samples of honey collected in July 2022 revealed college pb concentrations downwards current of air from Notre Matriarch and atomic number 82 isotopes tagged the lead every bit originating from the fire and not other potential sources of pollutants.[69] [70] [71]

Reactions [edit]

Plaque in front of the Hôtel de Ville in homage to the cathedral and those who helped relieve it

Macron, postponing a spoken language to address the yellow vests movement planned for that evening,[72] went to Notre Dame and gave a brief accost there.[73] Numerous globe religious[a] and government leaders[b] extended condolences.

Through the night of the burn down and into the next twenty-four hours, people gathered along the Seine to hold vigils, sing and pray.[105] [106] [107]

The following Dominicus at Saint-Eustache Church, the Archbishop of Paris, Michel Aupetit, honoured the firefighters with the presentation of a book of scriptures saved from the fire.[108]

Investigation [edit]

On 16 April, the Paris prosecutor said in that location was no evidence of a deliberate deed.[21]

The fire has been compared to the similar 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the Uppark burn, among others,[109] and has raised old questions most the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them.[109] Renovation works increase fire risk, and a police source reported they are looking into whether such work had caused this incident.[sixteen] [110]

The renovations presented a fire risk from sparks, short-circuits, and oestrus from welding (roof repairs involved cutting, and welding lead sheets resting on timber[sixteen]). Unremarkably, no electrical installations were allowed in the roof space due to the farthermost fire gamble.[21] The roof framing was of very dry timber, often powdery with age.[sixteen] Later the fire the architect responsible for fire safe at the cathedral best-selling that the rate at which fire might spread had been underestimated, and experts said it was well known that a burn in the roof would be most incommunicable to command.[24]

Of the firms working on the restoration,[111] a Europe Echafaudage team was the only one working there on the day of the fire; the company said no soldering or welding was underway before the fire. The scaffolding was receiving electrical supply for temporary elevators and lighting.[112] [113] [38] The roofers, Le Bras Frères, said it had followed procedure and that none of its personnel were on site when the burn down broke out.[31] Time-lapse images taken by a camera installed by them showed fume first rising from the base of the spire.[111]

On 25 April, the structure was considered condom enough for entry of investigators, who unofficially stated that they were because theories involving malfunction of electric bell-ringing appliance, and cigarette butts discovered on the renovation scaffolding.[114] Le Bras Frères confirmed its workers had smoked cigarettes, contrary to regulations, but denied that a cigarette barrel could have started the fire.[115] The Paris prosecutor's function announced on 26 June that no evidence had been found to suggest a criminal motive.[116]

The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was on a second eight-hr shift that day considering his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire security system used confusing terminology in its referencing parts of the cathedral, which contributed to the initial confusion equally to the location of the burn.[22]

As of September, five months after the fire, investigators thought the cause of the burn down was more than probable an electrical fault than a cigarette. Determining the exact place in which the burn started was expected to take a groovy deal more than time and work.[117] By fifteen April 2020, investigators believed "the fire to have been started by either a cigarette or a short circuit in the electrical organisation".[118]

Reconstruction [edit]

Chartres Cathedral was rebuilt with wrought iron trusses and copper sheeting later on an 1836 fire.[119]

On the night of the fire, Macron said that the cathedral would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign.[2] [27] [120] [121] [122] French republic's cathedrals accept been owned by the state since 1905,[123] and are not privately insured.[123] [124]

The heritage conservation organisation Fondation du Patrimoine estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of euros;[31] but, according to President Robert Leblanc,[125] losses from the fire are non expected to essentially impact the private insurance industry.[123] [126] European fine art insurers stated the cost would exist like to ongoing renovations of the Palace of Westminster in London, which was estimated to be around €sevenbillion.[127] This toll does not include damage to whatsoever of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral; art insurers said any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would non accept been insurable.[127]

While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using forest and rock sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the futurity.[124] [128]

There is word of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form.[129] Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested;[130] other options include rebuilding in the original lead and woods,[124] rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral),[38] [131] or a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones.[132]

White tarpaulins over metal beams were quickly rigged to protect the interior from the elements. Nettings protect the destabilised exterior.[133]

French prime minister Édouard Philippe announced an architectural design competition for a new spire "adapted to the techniques and the challenges of our era."[134] [135] The spire replacement project has gathered a variety of designs and some controversy, particularly its legal exemption from ecology and heritage rules.[136] After the design competition was announced, the French senate amended the government'southward restoration bill to require the roof to be restored to how it was before the fire. This amendment awaits approval by the National Assembly of France.[137] [ needs update ] On 16 July, 95 days after the fire that destroyed the cathedral'due south roof and cardinal spire, the police force that will govern the restoration of the cathedral was finally approved by the French parliament. It recognises its UNESCO Earth Heritage Site status and the need to respect existing international charters and practices, to "preserve the historic, creative and architectural history of the monument", and to limit any derogations to the existing heritage, planning, ecology and construction codes to a minimum.[138]

On 15 April 2020, Germany offered to restore "some of the large clerestory windows located far above eye level" with iii proficient tradesmen who specialize in rebuilding cathedrals. Monika Grütters, Germany's Commissioner for Culture was quoted as saying "her state would shoulder the costs".[139]

On 18 April 2020, French game developer and publisher Ubisoft offered to provide the reconstruction endeavor with over 5,000 hours' worth of research on the building'south structure, previously used to recreate the cathedral in the 2022 video game Assassinator's Creed Unity. [140]

Every bit of 30 November 2020, all of the tangled scaffolding was removed from the spire area. It is no longer a threat to the building.[141]

Fundraising [edit]

As of 22 April 2019[update], donations of over €ibillion have been pledged for the cathedral's reconstruction,[142] at least €880meg of that in less than a day after Macron's appeal.[143] Pledges €10M and over include:

  • Arnault family unit & LVMH (€200M)[144]
  • Bettencourt family & L'Oréal (€200M)[145]
  • Pinault family & Artémis (€100M)[146]
  • Full SA (€100M)[147]
  • Paris city government (€50M)[148] [149]
  • BNP Paribas SA (€20M)[150]
  • Decaux family & JCDecaux (€20M)[151]
  • AXA SA (€10M)[152]
  • Lily Safra (€10M)[153]
  • Bouygues family (€10M)[154]
  • De Lacharrière family & FIMALAC (€10M)[149]
  • Île-de-France (€10M)[149]
  • Société Générale (€10M)[151]
  • BPCE (€10M)[151]

There accept been many additional pledges for smaller, or undisclosed, amounts.[155] [156] A proposal past onetime minister Jean-Jacques Aillagon that corporate donations for Notre-Dame should get a 90% tax deduction (rather than the standard lx%) was retracted after public outcry.[157] Some donors have said they volition not seek tax deductions.[155] Donors exempted of income tax (more than half of French taxpayers, including working- and middle-grade) are not eligible for such deductions.[158]

As of 14 June 2019[update], merely €fourscoremillion had been collected.[159] [160] The minister in charge of national museums and monuments, Franck Riester, predicted that further donations would materialise as reconstruction work progressed,[160] though it was reported that some who made pledges have renounced them considering fundraising has been so successful.[161] One twelvemonth later on the burn down, from an estimated 320,000 contributors, close to €1 billion had been received.[162]

The electric current status of the restoration is posted regularly by the organisation the Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris.[163]

See also [edit]

  • Construction and renovation fires
  • 1984 York Minster fire
  • List of building or structure fires
  • List of destroyed heritage
  • List of fires at major places of worship

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The Vatican, and the Presiding Bishop of The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,[74] among many others.[ citation needed ]
  2. ^ Including Prime Minister of Italy Giuseppe Conte,[75] Secretary-Full general of the United Nations António Guterres,[76] President of the European Council Donald Tusk,[77] [78] President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker,[79] Elizabeth Ii of the United Kingdom,[80] Prime Minister of the Uk Theresa May,[81] [82] Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran Javad Zarif,[83] Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel,[84] Prime Government minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez,[85] Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte, President of Portugal Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa,[86] President of Bulgaria Rumen Radev,[87] President of Romania Klaus Iohannis,[88] Prime Minister of Hungary Viktor Orbán,[89] Prime number Minister of Hellenic republic Alexis Tsipras,[ninety] Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau,[91] [92] President of the United States Donald Trump,[93] [94] President of the People's Republic of Prc Xi Jinping,[95] President of Russia Vladimir Putin,[96] President of Israel Reuven Rivlin,[97] Male monarch of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa,[98] Prime number Minister of Australia Scott Morrison, King Mohammed VI of Kingdom of morocco,[99] President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,[100] President of Latvia Raimonds Vējonis,[101] President of Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo,[102] President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko,[103] and the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Tsai Ing-wen.[104]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Notre-Dame fire: Millions pledged to rebuild cathedral". BBC News. sixteen Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 Apr 2019.
  2. ^ a b "France vows to rebuild Notre-Dame Cathedral after devastating burn down". CBS News. 17 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b "What We Know and Don't Know Well-nigh the Notre-Matriarch Fire". The New York Times. xv Apr 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b El-Bawab, Nadine; Newburger, Emma; Steinberg, Marty (16 April 2019). "Notre Dame will be rebuilt inside the next 5 years, French President Emmanuel Macron says". CNBC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e Peltier, Elian; Glanz, James; Cai, Weiyi; White, Jeremy (14 September 2019). "Notre-Dame's Toxic Fallout". New York Times . Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  6. ^ "The Latest: Fire clergyman hailed as hero in Notre Matriarch blaze". AP News. 17 Apr 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ^ France-Presse, Agence (21 December 2019). "No Christmas mass at Notre Dame cathedral for first time since 1803". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  8. ^ "Paris, Banks of the Seine". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Arrangement (UNESCO). Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d "Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris: ce qui a été perdu et ce qui a été sauvé". Le Monde (in French). Agence France-Presse (AFP). 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved xvi April 2019.
  10. ^ Sasuke (15 April 2019). "Notre-Dame de Paris: toute la charpente en feu, la flèche effondrée". Maliactu (in French). Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  11. ^ Pyror, Ryan (fifteen April 2019). "The entire wooden interior of Notre Dame Cathedral has been lost". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 Apr 2019. Retrieved 15 Apr 2019.
  12. ^ Okey, Thomas (1919). The Story of Paris. J.G. Paring & Company. p. 308. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved xviii April 2019.
  13. ^ Flynn, Meagan (sixteen April 2019). "The story behind the towering Notre Dame spire and the xxx-year-onetime architect commissioned to rebuild information technology". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  14. ^ a b "Notre Dame was undergoing $6.8 one thousand thousand renovation when massive fire broke out". CBS News. 15 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved xv Apr 2019.
  15. ^ "Decades of Neglect Threatened Notre Matriarch, Well Before It Burned". The Wall Street Periodical. 18 April 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d e Décugis, Jean-Michel; Gautronneau, Vincent; Pham-Lê, Jérémie (16 April 2019). "Six questions sur l'incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris" [Six questions about the fire of Notre-Dame]. Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  17. ^ Horgan, Rob (15 April 2019). "Notre-Dame burn: Bonfire breaks out amidst renovations at 12th century cathedral". New Civil Engineer. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  18. ^ "Burn breaks out at top of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris". The Irish Independent. 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  19. ^ a b de La Hamaide, Sybille; Carriat, Julie (15 April 2019). "Fire guts Notre-Matriarch Cathedral in Paris; Macron pledges to rebuild". Reuters . Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  20. ^ Villasanta, Arthur (16 April 2019). "Notre Dame Cathedral Fire Photos: Macron Vows To Rebuild 670-Year Old Church". International Business Times. Archived from the original on xvi Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  21. ^ a b c d east f g Breeden, Aurelien; Peltier, Elian; Alderman, Liz; Pérez-Peña, Richard (16 April 2019). "Notre-Dame Attic Was Known every bit 'the Forest'. And Information technology Burned Similar One". The New York Times.
  22. ^ a b c d Peltier, Elian; Glanz, James; Gröndahl, Mika; Kai, Weiji; Nossitr, Adam; Alderman, Liza (17 July 2019). "Notre Dame came far closer to collapsing than people knew". The New York Times . Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  23. ^ a b Hinnant, Lori (17 April 2019). "66 minutes: The frantic race to relieve Notre Dame". AP News. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019. (annal copy legible if javascript turned off)
  24. ^ a b Bennhold, Katrin; Glanz, James (xix Apr 2019). "Notre-Matriarch's Safety Planners Underestimated the Risk, With Devastating Results". The New York Times. Archived from the original on xx April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  25. ^ Landauro, Inti (17 Apr 2017). "Paris firefighters got on Notre-Dame site in less than 10 minutes". Reuters. Archived from the original on xviii April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  26. ^ a b c d east Nossiter, Adam; Breeden, Aurelien (15 April 2019). "Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris Catches Fire". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  27. ^ a b "Notre-Dame: Massive fire ravages Paris cathedral". BBC News. xvi Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  28. ^ "La catedral de Notre Matriarch de París sufre un importante incendio". El País (in Castilian). 15 April 2019. ISSN 1134-6582. Archived from the original on xv April 2019. Retrieved xv April 2019.
  29. ^ Hinnant, Lori; Petrequin, Samuel (15 April 2019). "Massive burn down engulfs beloved Notre Matriarch Cathedral in Paris". AP News. Archived from the original on 15 Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  30. ^ a b c Berlinger, Joshua (xvi April 2019). "Why the Notre Dame fire was and so difficult to put out". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  31. ^ a b c d Lough, Richard; Pineau, Elizabeth (16 April 2019). "No sign of arson in Notre-Dame blaze as nation grieves for symbol". Reuters. Archived from the original on sixteen April 2019. Retrieved xvi April 2019.
  32. ^ "400 firefighters mobilized for Notre Dame blaze". CNN. xv April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  33. ^ "Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral nether control; firefighters accept saved cathedral'southward towers". NewsChannel5 Nashville. CNN. 15 Apr 2019. Retrieved fifteen Apr 2019.
  34. ^ Schechner, Sam; Kostov, Nick (17 April 2019). "How Paris Firefighters Helped Preserve Notre Dame Towers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 Apr 2019.
  35. ^ Lyons, Kate; Busby, Mattha (16 April 2019). "Cathedral burn under command after spire and roof destroyed – as it happened". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  36. ^ Capps, Kriston; O'Sullivan, Feargus (xv April 2019). "How Catastrophic Is the Notre-Matriarch Cathedral Fire?". CityLab. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
  37. ^ Navarro, Alyssa (17 April 2019). "French Firefighting Robot Colossus Helped Save Burning Notre Dame Cathedral". Tech Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  38. ^ a b c d Vaux-Montagny, Nicolas; Corbet, Sylvie (19 April 2019). "Fire-ravaged Notre Dame now stabilized, firefighters leave". AP News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved xx Apr 2019.
  39. ^ a b Lapin, Tamar (15 Apr 2019). "Photos show center of Notre Matriarch cathedral miraculously intact". New York Post. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  40. ^ Prior, Ryan (fifteen April 2019). "The unabridged wooden interior of Notre Dame Cathedral has been destroyed". CNN. Archived from the original on xv Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  41. ^ Goodheart, Adam (17 April 2019). "Who saved Notre Dame? Its builders". Op-Ed. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  42. ^ a b Martichoux, Alix (15 April 2019). "What's inside the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris". San Francisco Relate. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved xv April 2019.
  43. ^ Hartley-Parkinson, Richard (16 April 2019). "Notre Dame crown of thorns and St Louis tunic saved from cathedral fire". Metro. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
  44. ^ a b Buncombe, Andrew (15 Apr 2019). "Notre Dame'due south historic statues safe after being removed just days before massive fire". The Independent. Archived from the original on xv April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  45. ^ Adamson, Thomas (19 April 2019). "Boozer on smoke: Notre Dame's bees survive cathedral blaze". Star Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  46. ^ McAuley, James; Whitt, Griff (15 April 2019). "Notre Matriarch Cathedral spire collapses every bit Paris monument is consumed past burn". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  47. ^ a b Marshall, Alex; Stack, Liam; Murphy, Heather (xv Apr 2019). "Notre-Dame: Fate of Priceless Cultural Treasures Uncertain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  48. ^ Guyonnet, Paul (16 Apr 2019). "Notre-Dame: Les vitraux des rosaces ont survécu à fifty'incendie". HuffPost (in French). Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  49. ^ Hignett, Katherine (16 April 2019). "Notre Dame 'miracle'? Rose windows' stained glass appears to have survived savage blaze". Newsweek. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 17 Apr 2019.
  50. ^ White, Sarah; Pineau, Elizabeth (16 April 2019). "Notre-Dame's famed rose window spared only blaze harms priceless artworks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  51. ^ "'The church building is burning and the whole world is crying' – Parisians mourn for Notre-Dame". The Local. 16 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2019. Retrieved xx April 2019.
  52. ^ "Notre-Dame counts toll as daylight reveals damage". Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse (AFP). 16 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  53. ^ Pierre, Thomas (sixteen Apr 2019). "Le coq de la flèche a été retrouvé". RTL (in French). Agence France-Presse (AFP). Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  54. ^ "L'orgue main de Notre-Dame de Paris miraculeusement préservé". Europe 1 (in French). 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  55. ^ Marshall, Alex (24 April 2019). "Notre-Dame Musicians Rejoice That Cathedral'south Organ Was Spared". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 Apr 2019.
  56. ^ "Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris: bespeak sur la situation". paris.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 20 Apr 2019.
  57. ^ "Incendie de Notre-Dame : le feu a-t-il pollué fifty'air de Paris ?". Le Parisien (in French). 16 April 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  58. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (9 May 2019). "Notre Dame fire: police say air non toxic despite high lead levels on footing". The Guardian.
  59. ^ Baton Perrigo (thirty July 2019). "Notre Dame Fire: Environmental Group Files Atomic number 82 Poisoning Lawsuit". Time . Retrieved 13 Baronial 2019.
  60. ^ "Blood tests recommended over Notre Dame pb chance". AP News. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 7 Baronial 2019.
  61. ^ "Information aux riverains et aux personnes travaillant aux abords de la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris" (PDF). [prefectures-regions.gouv.fr/ile-de-french republic Prefecture of Paris website]. Prefecture of Paris. 27 April 2019.
  62. ^ "Officials warn of pb pollution risks after Notre-Dame bonfire". Yahoo! News. AFP. ten May 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  63. ^ "Children and pregnant women around Notre Dame warned over lead". The Guardian. AFP. 4 June 2019.
  64. ^ Kovacs, Stéphane (25 July 2019). "Notre-Dame de Paris : le chantier suspendu à cause du plomb". Le Figaro.
  65. ^ O'Sullivan, Feargus (1 August 2019). "The Notre Dame Burn Spread Toxic Lead Dust Over Paris". Wired . Retrieved iii Baronial 2019.
  66. ^ Robert, Pauline; Gromaire, Marie-Christine; de Gouvello, Bernard; Chebbo, Ghassan (May 2006). "Affect DES MATÉRIAUX DE TOITURES SUR LA CONTAMINATION MÉTALLIQUE DES EAUX DE RUISSELLEMENT URBAINES". 17èmes Journées Scientifiques de l'Environnement: le citoyen, la ville et l'environnement. CS1 maint: location (link)
  67. ^ "Plomb de Notre-Matriarch: l'Agence régionale de santé se veut rassurante". Le Figaro. AFP. 4 July 2019.
  68. ^ Willsher, Kim (10 May 2019). "Notre Dame firefighters should be tested for lead, say campaigners". The Guardian.
  69. ^ Smith, Kate E.; Weis, Dominique; Chauvel, Catherine; Moulin, Sibyle (13 October 2020). "Honey Maps the Lead Fallout from the 2022 Fire at Notre-Matriarch Cathedral, Paris: A Geochemical Perspective". Environmental Scientific discipline & Technology Letters. 7 (x): 753–759. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00485. ISSN 2328-8930. S2CID 225440035.
  70. ^ "Lead released in Notre Dame Cathedral fire detected in Parisian honey". ScienceDaily. 29 July 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  71. ^ "Les retombées de plomb liées à l'incendie de Notre-Dame cartographiées dans le miel | INSU". www.insu.cnrs.fr (in French). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  72. ^ "France's Macron requests post-fire break from politics". AP News. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 23 Apr 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  73. ^ Momtaz, Rym; Gehrke, Laurenz (xvi April 2019). "Notre Dame fire 'fully extinguished' equally fundraising starts". Political leader. Archived from the original on xx April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  74. ^ Noyce, David (18 April 2019). "Latter-solar day Saint President Russell Nelson Writes Pope Francis, Expresses Sympathy for Notre Dame Burn down". Common salt Lake Tribune . Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  75. ^ De Gregorio, Antonella (fifteen April 2019). "Incendio Notre Matriarch, lo sgomento del mondo: "Brucia una parte di noi"". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  76. ^ "UN master: 'Horrified past the pictures coming from Paris'". CNN. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 Apr 2019.
  77. ^ Tusk, Donald [@eucopresident] (15 April 2019). "Notre-Dame de Paris est Notre-Dame de toute l'Europe. Nosotros are all with Paris today" (Tweet) (in French) – via Twitter.
  78. ^ "'We are all with Paris today': International sorrow equally fire ravages Notre-Dame". EURACTIV. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2019. Retrieved 19 Apr 2019.
  79. ^ "World leaders react to tragic blaze at iconic Notre Dame cathedral". Axios. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  80. ^ "Queen Elizabeth says securely saddened past Notre Dame blaze". Reuters. xvi April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  81. ^ Uk Prime Minister [@10DowningStreet] (15 April 2019). "'My thoughts are with the people of France tonight and with the emergency services who are fighting the terrible bonfire at Notre-Dame cathedral.' – PM @Theresa_May" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  82. ^ "London's Westminster Abbey bells to ring tonight in solidarity with French". CNN. 16 April 2019. Retrieved xx July 2020.
  83. ^ "Notre-Matriarch: "attristé", 50'Islamic republic of iran pense aux "Français et à tous les catholiques"". Le Figaro. 16 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  84. ^ "Germany'due south Merkel saddened to see Notre-Dame on fire". Reuters. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  85. ^ Selsky, Andrew (xv April 2019). "Effectually world, 'our hearts ache' at Notre Dame Cathedral fire". AP News. Archived from the original on xv April 2019. Retrieved 22 Apr 2019.
  86. ^ "Presidente da República enviou mensagem ao seu homólogo francês". presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). xv April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  87. ^ "Notre Dame cathedral burn down: President and prime government minister express sympathy with France". Radio Republic of bulgaria. 16 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  88. ^ Insider, Ro (16 April 2019). "Romania'southward president reacts to Notre Matriarch fire". romania-insider.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  89. ^ "Orbán expresses sympathies over Notre Dame fire". Hungary Matters. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  90. ^ "Η δήλωση Τσίπρα για την Παναγία των Παρισίων". Η Εφημερίδα των Συντακτών (in Greek). Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  91. ^ Hinnant, Lori. "Roof and spire plummet every bit burn engulfs Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris". Citytv. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  92. ^ Trudeau, Justin [@JustinTrudeau] (xv April 2019). "Absolutely heartbreaking to see the Notre-Dame Cathedral in flames. Canadians are thinking of our friends in French republic as you fight this devastating fire" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 15 Apr 2022 – via Twitter.
  93. ^ "President Trump on the 'terrible, terrible burn'". CNN. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  94. ^ "Statement by the Press Secretarial assistant on the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris". whitehouse.gov. xvi Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2019 – via National Archives.
  95. ^ "Xi sends condolence to Macron over Notre Dame fire". Xinhua. sixteen April 2019. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  96. ^ "Message to Emmanuel Macron". Russian Presidential Executive Office. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
  97. ^ "President Rivlin offers solidarity with French republic every bit Notre Matriarch burns". The Times of Israel . Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  98. ^ "HM King expresses solidarity with France". Bahrain News Bureau. 15 April 2019. Retrieved three April 2021.
  99. ^ "Morocco rex vows solidarity with France following Notre Dame Cathedral fire". Xinhua. 16 April 2019. Retrieved iii April 2021.
  100. ^ "Sisi expresses solidarity with France over Paris cathedral burn". Egypt Today. MENA. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  101. ^ "Bells ring out in Rīga in back up of France and Notre Matriarch". Public Dissemination of Republic of latvia. 16 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 3 Apr 2021.
  102. ^ "Notre Dame Cathedral fire: Akufo-Addo commiserates with France". Graphic Online. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  103. ^ "Condolences to French republic President Emmanuel Macron". President of the Republic of Belarus. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 19 Apr 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  104. ^ "Tsai Ing-wen (@iingwen)". Twitter. 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on eighteen Apr 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  105. ^ Blamont, Matthias; de Clercq, Geert (16 Apr 2019). "In the heart of Paris, a wounded Notre-Matriarch stirs emotions". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  106. ^ "Parisians sing hymns equally they watch Notre Dame called-for – video". The Guardian. Reuters/AP. 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  107. ^ Garrand, Danielle (xvi April 2019). "Stunning video shows people singing hymn to honor Notre Matriarch as it burned". CBS News. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  108. ^ Charlton, Angela (21 April 2019). "Paris Easter Mass honors firefighters who saved Notre Dame". AP News . Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  109. ^ a b Damgé, Mathilde; Dagorn, Gary; Durand, Anne-Aël (sixteen Apr 2019). "Nantes, Lunéville, Windsor... les derniers grands incendies de bâtiments historiques". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  110. ^ Captain, Sean (15 April 2019). "Notre-Dame burn: Why celebrated restorations go on going upwards in flames". Fast Company. Archived from the original on sixteen April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  111. ^ a b Rose, Michael; Carriat, Julie (18 Apr 2019). "Fourth dimension-lapse shots of Notre-Dame spire may offering clues on blaze". Reuters. Archived from the original on nineteen Apr 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  112. ^ "Notre-Matriarch: les échafaudeurs livrent leur version des faits". L'Obs (in French). 18 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on eighteen April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  113. ^ Rowland, Oliver (17 April 2019). "Alarms on spire scaffolding did non go off". The Connection. Archived from the original on 19 Apr 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  114. ^ Nossiter, Adam (25 April 2019). "Notre-Dame Fire Investigators Focus on Curt-Circuit and Cigarettes". The New York Times . Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  115. ^ "No sign of criminal cause in Notre-Dame fire, prosecutors say". France24. AFP. 27 June 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  116. ^ Ganley, Elaine (26 June 2019). "Paris prosecutor: no sign Notre Dame burn down of criminal origin". AP News . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  117. ^ Richman-Abdou, Kelly (10 September 2019). "Notre-Dame Updates: What Nosotros Know About the Cathedral Five Months After the Fire". My Modern Met.
  118. ^ Waldek, Stefanie (15 Apr 2020). "Where Paris's Notre-Dame Cathedral Stands 1 Yr Later on the Fire - The Tragedy". Architectural Assimilate . Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  119. ^ "Chartres Cathedral – Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres". Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  120. ^ "The Latest: French leader vows to rebuild damaged Notre Matriarch". AP News. xv Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 15 Apr 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  121. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique; Henley, Jon (xvi April 2019). "Notre Matriarch fire: Macron pledges to rebuild devastated Paris cathedral". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  122. ^ Lam, Kristin (fifteen April 2019). "The Notre Dame Cathedral will rise once again, French President Emmanuel Macron promises". The states Today . Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  123. ^ a b c Mallet, Victor; Agnew, Harriet (xvi Apr 2019). "Macron says he wants Notre-Dame rebuilt in five years". Fiscal Times . Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  124. ^ a b c Ott, Haley (16 April 2019). "Why an proficient says it could take 40 years to rebuild Notre Matriarch". CBS News. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  125. ^ "Our organization". Fondation Avenir du Patrimoine à Paris. Retrieved 24 Apr 2019.
  126. ^ Chiglinsky, Katherine (17 April 2019). "France's Axa Insured Notre Dame Art, Ii Structure Firms". Bloomberg News . Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  127. ^ a b Hussain, Noor Zainab; Arnold, Paul (16 April 2019). "Insurers expect France to behave Notre-Dame rebuilding price". Reuters. Archived from the original on xvi April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  128. ^ Miller, Ryan W.; Rice, Doyle; Lam, Kristin (17 April 2019). "Why Notre Dame didn't completely crumble in the bonfire. And why it could take decades to repair". United states Today. Archived from the original on xx April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  129. ^ Kar-Gupta, Sudip; Lough, Richard (eighteen April 2019). "Steelmaker ArcelorMittal to offer steel for Notre-Dame Cathedral restoration". Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 Apr 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  130. ^ Jackson, Patrick (eighteen Apr 2019). "How new tech might help Notre-Dame rebuild". BBC News. Archived from the original on xviii April 2019. Retrieved eighteen April 2019.
  131. ^ Silverstein, Hannah; Camerlenghi, Nicola (eighteen April 2019). "After the Fire, a 21st-Century Notre Dame". Dartmouth News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  132. ^ Clarke, Joseph L. "Opinion: The reconstruction of Notre-Dame is non the only reply". The Globe and Postal service. Archived from the original on 18 Apr 2019. Retrieved 18 Apr 2019.
  133. ^ Nossiter, Adam (23 Apr 2019). "Notre-Dame, Ravaged by Fire, Faces a New Threat: Rain". The New York Times.
  134. ^ Beswick, Emma; Abellan Matamoros, Cristina (eighteen April 2019). "Notre Dame burn: Global contest launched to design new spire for blaze-striking cathedral". Euronews. Archived from the original on 15 Apr 2019. Retrieved 24 Apr 2019.
  135. ^ Cole, Brendan (17 April 2019). "Notre Matriarch Fire: France Is Belongings an International Competition for Architects to Pattern the Cathedral'due south New Spire". Newsweek . Retrieved 24 Apr 2019.
  136. ^ Marshall, Alex (10 May 2019). "Drinking glass, Golden Flames or a Beam of Light: What Should Replace Notre-Dame's Spire?". The New York Times.
  137. ^ James, Liam (21 June 2019). "Notre Dame design competition seeks new roof for globe famous Paris cathedral". Independent. London. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  138. ^ Bandarin, Francesco (2 Baronial 2019). "New law regarding Notre Matriarch says restoration must preserve its 'historic, creative and architectural involvement'". The Art Newspaper . Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  139. ^ "Germany Offers to Help Rebuild Fire-Damaged Notre Dame". VOA. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  140. ^ Gilbert, Ben. "As France rebuilds Notre-Dame Cathedral, the French studio behind 'Assassin'south Creed' is offering up its 'over v,000 hours' of inquiry on the 800-yr-old monument". Business organisation Insider . Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  141. ^ Newspaper, The Architect'due south (30 November 2020). "Melted Scaffolding removed from Notre Dame a yr subsequently tragic burn down". The Architects Newspaper.
  142. ^ Casert, Raf (22 April 2019). "Notre Matriarch fire was a warning bell. Simply will Europe mind?". AP News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  143. ^ Nugent, Ciara (17 April 2019). "Pledges Accomplish Nigh $ane Billion To Rebuild Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral". Time. Archived from the original on 23 Apr 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  144. ^ "Billionaire Arnault's family unit and LVMH to donate 200 mln euros for Paris' Notre-Matriarch". Reuters. 16 Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved sixteen Apr 2019.
  145. ^ "Notre-Dame: LVMH et la famille Arnault annoncent un 'don de 200 millions d'euros'". Le Figaro (in French). xvi April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 Apr 2019.
  146. ^ "Incendie à Notre-Dame: la famille Pinault débloque 100 millions d'euros". Le Figaro (in French). sixteen Apr 2019. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  147. ^ "France-Full fait united nations don de 100 millions d'euros pour Notre-Matriarch de Paris". Le Figaro (in French). 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved sixteen April 2019.
  148. ^ "Notre-Matriarch: la mairie de Paris débloque 50 millions d'euros". courrier-picard.fr (in French). sixteen April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  149. ^ a b c "Notre-Dame de Paris: cagnottes, promesses de dons et souscription nationale pour financer la reconstruction". Le Monde (in French). xvi April 2019. Archived from the original on sixteen Apr 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  150. ^ Roca, Cristina (17 April 2019). "BNP Paribas, SocGen Bring together Notre Dame Donor List as Pledges Exceed $790 Meg". Market Screener. Dow Jones. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  151. ^ a b c "Le secteur privé promet autour de 700 millions d'euros cascade reconstruire Notre-Dame". Boursorama (in French). Agence France-Presse (AFP). 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  152. ^ "AXA due south'associe à l'élan de solidarité après 50'incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris" (Press release) (in French). AXA. 16 Apr 2019.
  153. ^ "Plus de 800 millions d'euros de dons pour la reconstruction de Notre-Dame". Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace (in French). 16 April 2019. Archived from the original on 16 Apr 2019. Retrieved 23 Apr 2019.
  154. ^ "Entreprises et grandes fortunes se mobilisent pour la reconstruction de Notre-Dame". La Croix (in French). 16 Apr 2019. ISSN 0242-6056. Archived from the original on sixteen April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  155. ^ a b Petrequin, Samuel (19 Apr 2019). "Acrimony followed Notre Dame grief for yellow belong protesters". AP News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 22 Apr 2019.
  156. ^ "Vlada Srbije uputila Francuskoj milion evra za obnovu katedrale Notr Dam". N1 Srbija (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 Apr 2019.
  157. ^ Alderman, Liz; Erlanger, Steven (17 Apr 2019). "Every bit Rich Lavish Cash on Notre-Matriarch, Many Ask: What Nearly the Needy?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on twenty April 2019. Retrieved 20 Apr 2019.
  158. ^ Reich, Rob (nineteen Apr 2019). "Donors accept pledged about a billion euros to restore Notre Dame. Yous may not want to thank them". The Washington Postal service . Retrieved xviii May 2019.
  159. ^ "Only 9% of the donation pledges to Notre-Matriarch have been fulfilled". Global G1 (in Portuguese). 14 June 2019. Retrieved fourteen June 2019.
  160. ^ a b "Only 9% of millions pledged for Notre-Matriarch handed over". France 24. AFP. 14 June 2019. Retrieved fourteen June 2019.
  161. ^ "Paris'southward Notre-Dame Cathedral to concord first mass since devastating fire". France 24. AFP. 15 June 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  162. ^ Oelze, Sabine (27 Apr 2020). "Structure work on Notre Dame begins again - Ambitious designs for an uncertain hereafter". DW . Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  163. ^ "Thank you for joining | Friends of Notre-Matriarch de Paris". 8 July 2020.

External links [edit]

  • Notre-Dame de Paris – official site
  • Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris – official 501(c)(3) charity leading the international fundraising efforts to rebuild and restore Notre-Matriarch Cathedral
  • NOVA Series TV Show from PBS – Saving Notre Dame - Scientists and engineers fight to save Notre Matriarch Cathedral after the 2022 burn down
  • NOVA Serial Tv set Show from PBS – Saving Notre Dame's Flying Buttresses – Engineers install supports to the 14 Flight Buttresses to prevent their plummet after the 2022 burn down; these supports stabilized the structure to allow for piece of work on the interior – 3 minutes
  • Before the Fire: Notre-Matriarch de Paris in Pictures

malonefatichaddent.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire

0 Response to "Fire What Happened the Art Inside the Notre Dame"

ارسال یک نظر

اشتراک در: نظرات پیام (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel